Sovereign Debt Dynamics Simulator (5-Year Horizon)

Policy Levers

-1.0%
**Primary Surplus** (positive value) is the most powerful tool to reduce the debt *numerator*.
0.0%
Models a one-time windfall (like the GFECRA use) that immediately reduces the debt stock in Year 1.

5.0
3%
4.0
8.0%
*Lower rates reduce the interest component of debt increase.*

Debt-to-GDP Ratio (%)

Nominal GDP Growth (%)

Currency (ZAR/USD)

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